BIO205 MidTerm Exam
Question 1
The human body is organized very specifically from simple to complex. Cells form ________, which form organs which form the systems of the human body.
• a. molecules
• b. atoms
• Selected:c. tissuesThis answer is correct.
• d. electrolytes
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Question 2
What is the name of the cells which are a type of lymphocyte that kills many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different types of viruses?
• a. red blood cells
• b. platelets
• Selected:c. natural killer cellsThis answer is correct.
• d. interferon
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Question 3
What percentage of plasma is made up of water?
• a. 10%
• b. 25%
• c. 50%
• Selected:d. 90%This answer is correct.
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Question 4
One of the primary functions of red bone marrow is to ________.
• a. store energy
• Selected:b. produce red blood cellsThis answer is correct.
• c. reduce friction in joint movement
• d. it has no function
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Question 5
Which of the following statements regarding a person with the Rh negative blood (Rh-) blood is TRUE?
• Selected:a. A person with Rh- blood cannot receive blood from a person with Rh+ blood.This answer is correct.
• b. A person with Rh- blood can receive blood from a person with Rh+ blood.
• c. A person with Rh- blood cannot donate blood to a person with Rh+ blood.
• d. A person with Rh- blood can donate blood from a person with Rh+ blood.
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Question 6
Hemoglobin, a protein that is responsible for carrying oxygen to the cells of the body, is found in which element of the blood?
• Selected:a. erythrocytes (RBCs)This answer is correct.
• b. leukocytes (WBCs)
• c. thrombocytes (platelets)
• d. plasma
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Question 7
The lungs are located in which of the following body cavities?
• a. cranial cavity
• Selected:b. thoracic cavityThis answer is correct.
• c. spinal cavity
• d. abdominal cavity
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Question 8
As part of the body’s second line of defense, what is the name of the mechanism that involves the ingestion and digestion of microorganisms and other small particles?
• a. osteogenesis
• Selected:b. phagocytosisThis answer is correct.
• c. disatole
• d. ventilation
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Question 9
What is the correct definition of a psychological stressor?
• Selected:a. A psychological stressor is anything that a person perceives as a threat.This answer is correct.
• b. A psychological stressor can only result from physical injury.
• c. A psychological stressor only impacts those who have been involved in active combat in the military.
• d. There is no such thing as a psychological stressor.
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Question 10
The dermis is made up of specialized receptors that identify ________.
• a. potential danger to the systems of the body
• Selected:b. sensations of touch, temperature, pain and pressureThis answer is correct.
• c. light waves
• d. sound waves
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Question 11
During the process of negative feedback, when receptor cells detect low levels of calcium in the blood, the brain responds by sending a signal to the parathyroid glands to release parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH goes to its ________ which release calcium into the bloodstream, returning the calcium level back to normal.
• a. white blood cells
• Selected:b. target cellsThis answer is correct.
• c. red blood cells
• d. plasma
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Question 12
The following statements about the lymph system are correct EXCEPT:
• Selected:a. The lymph system is a closed system like the cardiovascular system.This answer is correct.
• b. Lymph vessels are located in all areas of the body except the bone marrow, the central nervous system and the epidermis of the skin.
• c. The lymph system relies on the contraction of skeletal muscles to circulate lymph throughout the body.
• d. Lymph capillaries are lined with valves that allow fluid to enter the capillary but do not let fluid escape.
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Question 13
Which of the following statements regarding veins is TRUE?
• Selected:a. Veins have valves.This answer is correct.
• b. Veins have more muscle mass than arteries.
• c. Veins carry oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.
• d. Veins are made of cardiac muscle.
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Question 14
________ muscles work in pairs to move a body part; when one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
• Selected:a. SkeletalThis answer is correct.
• b. Cardiovascular
• c. Both a. and b.
• d. Neither a. nor b.
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Question 15
________ transmit information along the axon by a process called an action potential.
• a. Brain waves
• b. White blood cells
• Selected:c. CapillariesThis answer is correct.
• d. Sensory neurons
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Question 16
The circulation of blood is the flow of blood through vessels arranged in a/an ________ pattern
• a. back and forth
• Selected:b. circuit or circularThis answer is correct.
• c. irregular
• d. reversible
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Question 17
In cellular respiration, three smaller pathways are chemically linked together to form a larger catabolic pathway. Which of the following is one of the pathways involved in cellular respiration?
• a. glycolysis
• b. citric acid cycle
• c. electron transport system
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 18
Antibodies that identify and neutralize foreign invaders are produced by what type of cell?
• a. neutrophils
• b. macrophages
• Selected:c. B-cellsThis answer is correct.
• d. T-cells
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Question 19
The term anterior
refers to the direction ________.
• a. toward the rear of the body
• Selected:b. toward the front of the bodyThis answer is correct.
• c. to the left of the body
• d. to the right of the body
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Question 20
A low blood concentration of a hormone is called ________.
• Selected:a. hyposecretionThis answer is correct.
• b. hypersecretion
• c. synergism
• d. autoimunity
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Question 21
Which of the following processes is not involved in the acute inflammatory response?
• a. white blood cells (WBC) attack foreign invaders
• b. the injured area swells,displays redness, becomes warm and painful
• c. chemicals are released
• Selected:d. de-oxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungsThis answer is correct.
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Question 22
Blood clotting occurs in three stages. Which of the following activities occurs in the third stage?
• a. Chemical regulators stimulate the production of thromboplastin activator.
• b. Chemicals present in the blood stimulate the production of thromboplastin activator.
• c. Prothrombin is converted to thrombin.
• Selected:d. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, and a fibrin clot is produced.This answer is correct.
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Question 23
Which of the following electrolytes exerts a positive inotropic effect on the heart, which increases the strength of cardiac muscle contraction?
• a. sodium
• b. potassium
• c. magnesium
• Selected:d. calciumThis answer is correct.
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Question 24
Blood flow through the arterioles, venules, and capillaries is called ________.
• a. diffusion
• b. osmosis
• Selected:c. microcirculationThis answer is correct.
• d. stroke volume
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Question 25
Anosmia
refers to complete ________.
• a. insomnia
• Selected:b. lack of smellThis answer is correct.
• c. lack of taste buds
• d. lack of short-term memory
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Question 26
The hypothalamus regulates the activities of the pituitary gland and serves as a go-between for which systems?
• a. the circulatory and reproductive systems
• b. the digestive and respiratory systems
• Selected:c. the nervous and endocrine systemsThis answer is correct.
• d. the digestive and urinary systems
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Question 27
What is the main function of the pituitary gland?
• a. to regulate sleep cycles and influences reproduction
• b. to stimulate uterine contractions during pregnancy
• c. to accelerate the level of growth of the body
• Selected:d. to regulate the activities of other endocrine glandsThis answer is correct.
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Question 28
Blood distribution patterns and blood pressure can be influenced by the ________, which controls the diameter of arterioles.
• Selected:a. vasomotor control centerThis answer is correct.
• b. central nervous system
• c. pituitary gland
• d. coronary circulation
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Question 29
The primary function of white blood cells (WBCs) is ________.
• Selected:a. to fight disease and infectionThis answer is correct.
• b. to clot blood
• c. to carry oxygen to the cells of the body
• d. to remove waste
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Question 30
Which if the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?
• Selected:a. are synthesized primarily from amino acidsThis answer is correct.
• b. are lipid-soluble
• c. are able to pass easily through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells
• d. receptors are found in the cell’s cytosol
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Question 31
The primary function of the lymph system is ________.
• a. to store minerals
• b. to maintain posture
• c. to regulate body temperature
• Selected:d. to provide immunity and prevent the spread of infectionThis answer is correct.
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Question 32
What is the correct definition of cardiac output?
• Selected:a. Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood that flows out of a ventricle of the heart per unit of time.This answer is correct.
• b. Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood that flows out of the atria of the heart per unit of time.
• c. Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood that remains in a ventricle when the ventricle is in diastole (rest).
• d. Cardiac output (CO) is the measurement of the actual size of the heart.
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Question 33
________ are a unique group of lipid molecules that serve a number of integrative functions in the body. However, they do not meet the typical definition of a hormone.
• Selected:a. EicosanoidsThis answer is correct.
• b. Target cells
• c. Non-steroid hormones
• d. Steroid hormones
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Question 34
Which of the following statements regarding the acute inflammatory response is FALSE?
• a. Signs of the acute inflammatory response are swelling, redness, warmth and pain.
• Selected:b. The acute inflammatory response only responds when life-threatening injuries occur.This answer is correct.
• c. The purpose of the acute inflammatory response is to destroy pathogens and promote healing.
• d. Neutrophils, the first white blood cell to arrive at an injury, are phagocytes that engulf and digest foreign substances.
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Question 35
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
• a. Hormones are similar in function to neurotransmitters of the nervous system.
• b. Endocrine glands primarily secrete hormones that regulate bodily activities and maintain homeostasis.
• c. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream into ducts that transport hormones throughout the body.
• Selected:d. All of the above statements are true.This answer is correct.
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Question 36
A person who has blood type O can receive compatible blood from the following blood types?
• a. A only
• b. B only
• c. A, B, and AB
• Selected:d. O onlyThis answer is correct.
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Question 37
Receiving a vaccination, such as a chicken pox vaccination, is an example of what type of acquired immunity?
• Selected:a. artificial active immunityThis answer is correct.
• b. natural active immunity
• c. natural passive immunity
• d. artificial passive immunity
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Question 38
A healthy immune system is able to recognize the difference between self and non-self antigens. What is a non-self antigen?
• Selected:a. a molecule on the surface of a cell that the body doesn’t recognizeThis answer is correct.
• b. a molecule on the surface of a cell that belongs to the body
• c. a phagocyte
• d. a cytokine
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Question 39
Of the following, which structure is not a part of the lymph system?
• a. spleen
• Selected:b. gall bladderThis answer is correct.
• c. lymph nodes
• d. thymus
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Question 40
How does the myocardium of the right ventricle of the heart compare to that of the left ventricle?
• a. The myocardium of the right ventricle is larger than the myocardium of the left ventricle.
• Selected:b. The myocardium of the right ventricle is smaller than the myocardium of the left ventricle.This answer is correct.
• c. The size of the ventricles depends on whether the person is male or female.
• d. There is no difference between the right and left ventricle.
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Question 41
Although the automatic nervous system is able to change the rate of the heartbeat, the ________ normally initiates each heartbeat.
• a. central nervous system
• b. hypothalamus
• Selected:c. sinoatrial node (SA node)This answer is correct.
• d. cerebellum
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Question 42
The normal flow of blood to the heart is referred to as ________.
• Selected:a. coronary circulationThis answer is correct.
• b. systole
• c. defibrillation
• d. tachycardia
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Question 43
The 206 bones of the body are divided into two main groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. Which bone is part of the appendicular skeleton?
• a. sternum
• b. cranium
• Selected:c. tibiaThis answer is correct.
• d. vertebra
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Question 44
Which of the following is NOT a structure of the eye?
• a. conjunctiva
• b. lens
• c. cornea
• Selected:d. All of these are structures of the eye.This answer is correct.
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Question 45
When the body is threatened, the “fight or flight” response is triggered. What part of the nervous system is responsible for triggering this response?
• a. central nervous system
• Selected:b. sympathetic nervous systemThis answer is correct.
• c. parasympathetic nervous system
• d. none of the above
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Question 46
Hormones are chemical messengers that bind with receptors on specific cells that are called ________.
• a. melanocytes
• b. neurons
• c. leukocytes
• Selected:d. target cellsThis answer is correct.
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Question 47
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
• Selected:a. sebumThis answer is correct.
• b. red blood cells
• c. white blood cells
• d. platelets
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Question 48
Of the four blood types, which one is known as the universal recipient?
• a. Type O
• b. Type A
• c. Type B
• Selected:d. Type ABThis answer is correct.
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Question 49
What is the function of the semilunar valves?
• Selected:a. to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunkThis answer is correct.
• b. to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria from the ventricles when the ventricles are contracting
• c. to allow blood to flow into the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunk
• d. to allow blood to flow back into the atria from the ventricles when the ventricles are contracting
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Question 50
Where are white blood cells (WBCs) produced?
• a. lungs
• b. thymus
• Selected:c. red bone marrowThis answer is correct.
• d. lymph nodes