Project Management – Week 4 MidTerm

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Question 1

What is one possible disadvantage of a pure project or project-based organization?

The organization doesn’t work on anything that isn’t project-related.
Costs are high because specialized skills are required to complete projects in this type of structure.
The functional managers have control over which team members are assigned to projects.
Selected: Once the project is completed, the project team members may not have other projects to work on.This answer is correct.

You are correct! The key problem with a project-based organization is that there may not be a new project in place at the conclusion of the one team members were released from. This leaves specialists “sitting on the bench” with no work to do and is costly to the organization. It’s an advantage to a project-based organization to work on projects. Costs aren’t necessarily any higher in this type of organization than others. Costs will depend on the type of project you’re working on, not the organizational structure. And the project managers have control over who works on the projects in a project-based organization.

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Question 2

You are working in a matrix organization. Choose two responses that describe this type of structure.

Project resources are members of another business unit and may or may not be able to help you full-time.
Selected: Matrix organizations can be structured as strong, weak, or balanced.This answer is correct.
Project managers have the majority of power in this type of structure.
This organizational structure is similar to a functional organization.
Selected: Employees are assigned project tasks by their project manager in this type of structure; personnel often report to two or more bosses.This answer is correct.

You are correct! A matrix organization can be structured as a strong, weak, or balanced matrix. Employees are assigned to projects by their functional managers, and the project tasks are assigned to them by the project manager. The project manager has the majority of power in a project-based organization. This is the middle ground between functional and project structures; personnel often report to two or more bosses.

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Question 3

Which of the following statements is false?

An analysis project life cycle is a collection of project phases.
Selected: A product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle.This answer is correct.
The waterfall approach is an example of a predictive life cycle model.
Agile is an example of an adaptive life cycle model.

You are correct! Project life cycle is a collection of project phases, such as concept, development, implementation, and close-out. Projects often develop products, which follow product life cycles. Examples of product life cycles for software development include the waterfall, spiral, incremental build, prototyping, RAD, and adaptive software development models.

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Question 4

Project portfolio management addresses strategic goals of an organization, while project management addresses ________ goals of the organization.

Selected: TacticalThis answer is correct.
Internal
Planned
External

You are correct! The main the difference between project management and project portfolio management focuses on meeting tactical or strategic goals. Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals, which emphasize long-term goals for an organization. Individual projects often address tactical goals, whereas portfolio management addresses strategic goals.

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Question 5

Who is responsible for approving the project budget?

Project manager
Project team
Selected: Project sponsorThis answer is correct.
CEO

You are correct! The project sponsor is the one who grants the authority to expend the resources required to create the deliverables of the project. Hence, the sponsor is the one who approves the budget.

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Question 6

You’re a project manager working on a software development project. You are working hand in hand with a systems analyst who is considered an expert in her field. She has years of experience working for the organization and understands not only systems development but also the business area the system will support. Which person should make the decisions about the management of the project?

Project manager
Systems analyst
Selected: Project manager with input from systems analystThis answer is correct.
Systems analyst with input from project manager

You are correct! The project manager is ultimately responsible for managing the work of the project. That doesn’t mean that they should work without the benefit of input from others.

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Question 7

Your team is working on creating a WBS for phase 2 of the ABC software implementation project. Which of the following is an example of what might appear in the second level of your WBS?

ABC Software implementation project
Project deliverables
Selected: Project phasesThis answer is correct.
Activities

You are correct! The first level of the WBS is the project name, in this case ABC software implementation. The second level of the WBS represents major project deliverables, project phases, or subprojects. If the project has phases or subprojects, these are listed at the second level, with deliverables listed at the third level. Since the question asks about phase 2 of the project and option C is project phases, this is the correct second-level entry for the WBS.

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Question 8

What does it mean to take a systems view of a project, and how does taking this view apply to project management? Choose two.

Systems thinking does not describe a holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization.
Selected: A systems philosophy is an overall model for thinking about things as systems.This answer is correct.
The systems view of a project does not apply to project management.
Selected: A systems view describes a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex issues, including using a systems analysis and systems management.This answer is correct.

You are correct! Taking a systems view means looking at the big picture of how a particular project fits into the rest of the organization. A systems philosophy is an overall model for thinking about things as systems. A systems view describes a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex issues, including using a systems analysis and systems management. Therefore, projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context.

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Question 9

The benefits of meeting quality requirements include all of the following except
for which one?

Increased satisfaction
Higher productivity
Lower costs
Selected: Improved quality metricsThis answer is correct.

You are correct! Quality metrics are a standard of measurement that defines what will be measured and how it will be measured.

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Question 10

Earned value management is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data.

Selected:TrueThis answer is correct.
False

You are correct! Earned value management is one of the key tools and techniques for controlling project costs. It is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data.

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Question 11

Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on IT projects?

Keep the scope realistic.
Use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possible.
Follow good project management processes.
Selected: Don’t involve too many users in scope management.This answer is correct.

You are correct! Best practices for avoiding scope problems include the following: a) Keep the scope realistic. Don’t make projects so large that they can’t be completed, b) Involve users in project scope management, c) Use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possible, and d) Follow good project management processes.

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Question 12

Which of the following is not a key component of scope planning?

Work breakdown structure (WBS)
Scope statement
Selected: Project charterThis answer is correct.
Scope management plan

You are correct! The key components of scope planning are the scope management plan, scope statement, and work breakdown structure. The project charter is created during project initiation.

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Question 13

You are undertaking a new project in which users will connect to an application running on a server and post information to a database. At first glance, what types of IT resources do you think you’ll need after management approval? Choose three.

Selected: Database administratorThis answer is correct.
Selected: Application developerThis answer is correct.
Graphic designer
Selected: Server administratorThis answer is correct.
The CEO

You are correct! After the project is approved, you will need some skillful individuals who can handle the database, someone to program the application code, and someone who can manage the server for you.

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Question 14

Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.

Selected:TrueThis answer is correct.
False

You are correct! By definition, a project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. While it is a best practice for project managers to strike a balance to meet specific scope, time, cost, and quality goals of projects, they must also facilitate the entire process to meet the needs and expectations of stakeholders involved in project activities.

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Question 15

Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule?

Selected: Planning schedule managementThis answer is correct.
Defining activities
Estimating activity resources
Activity sequencing

You are correct! Planning schedule management involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule.

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Question 16

You are asked to present and explain your project cost baseline. All of the following are true except which one?

The baseline will be used to track actual spending against the cost estimates.
The baseline can be used to predict future project costs.
Selected: The baseline is tied to the chart of accounts.This answer is correct.
The baseline is the total expected cost for the project.

You are correct! The chart of accounts is used in creating the cost baseline. The baseline is the total expected cost for the project, and each category of cost is tied to the chart of accounts, not the total estimate for the project.

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Question 17

Scope ______ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.

Selected: AcceptanceThis answer is incorrect.
Close-out
Completion
Validation

Actually, scope validation involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables. Acceptance is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.

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Question 18

Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?

Stakeholder register
Selected: Business caseThis answer is correct.
Project charter
Kick-off meeting

You are correct! It is good practice to lay the groundwork for a project before it officially starts. Senior managers often perform several tasks, sometimes called pre-initiation tasks, which include the following:
Identify the project sponsor
Select the project manager
Develop a business case for a project
Determine the scope, time, and cost constraints for the project
Meet with the project manager to review the process and expectations for managing the project
Determine if the project should be divided into two or more smaller projects.

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Question 19

What term describes an organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source in another country?

Globalization
Selected: OffshoringThis answer is correct.
Exporting
Global sourcing

You are correct! Outsourcing is an organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source. However, the term offshoring
is sometimes used to describe outsourcing from another country. Offshoring is a natural outgrowth of globalization. IT projects rely more and more on outsourcing, both within and outside their country boundaries.

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Question 20

What is the main goal of project cost management?

To complete a project for as little cost as possible
Selected: To complete a project within an approved budgetThis answer is correct.
To provide truthful and accurate cost information on projects
To ensure that an organization’s money is used wisely

You are correct! Project cost management includes the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within an approved budget. Planning cost management determines the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling project cost.

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Question 1

A project manager has the most authority under which organizational structure?

Selected: Project-basedThis answer is correct.
Functional
Balanced matrix
Strong matrix

You are correct! Project managers have the most authority in a pure project or project-based organization. This structure is designed around project work, and project managers have the most authority in this type of structure. Project managers have the least amount of authority in a functional organization; they have some authority in a balanced matrix, and a little more authority in a strong matrix, but not as much authority as they have in a project-based organization.

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Question 2

You receive a confusing request from the marketing department to develop a new billing system. What is the first step you should take?

Selected: You meet with the marketing person to identify and clarify the request.This answer is correct.
You write the project charter.
You submit a request to the project selection committee.
You request the finance department to do a cost-benefit analysis.

You are correct! You must clarify the project request to determine exactly what the marketing person needs. You need to understand the problem that needs to be addressed so that you can define the high-level requirements and write the project charter.

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Question 3

Selected: Database administratorThis answer is correct.
Selected: Application developerThis answer is correct.
Graphic designer
Selected: Server administratorThis answer is correct.
The CEO

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Question 4

Project manager
Systems analyst
Selected: Project manager with input from systems analystThis answer is correct.
Systems analyst with input from project manager

You are correct! The project manager is ultimately responsible for managing the work of the project. That doesn’t mean that they should work without the benefit of input from others.

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Question 5

Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management?

Meeting scope goals
Meeting time goals
Selected: Meeting communications goalsThis answer is correct.
Meeting cost goals

You are correct! Meeting communications goals is not project constraint; it should rather be an enabler of projects. Options a, b, and d represent the three dimensions of the triple constraint. All projects are generally carried out under cost, time and scope constraints known as triple constraint.

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Question 6

Which of the following statements is false?

An analysis project life cycle is a collection of project phases.
Selected: A product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle.This answer is correct.
The waterfall approach is an example of a predictive life cycle model.
Agile is an example of an adaptive life cycle model.

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Question 7

You are working in a matrix organization. Choose two responses that describe this type of structure.

Project resources are members of another business unit and may or may not be able to help you full-time.
Selected: Matrix organizations can be structured as strong, weak, or balanced.This answer is correct.
Project managers have the majority of power in this type of structure.
This organizational structure is similar to a functional organization.
Selected: Employees are assigned project tasks by their project manager in this type of structure; personnel often report to two or more bosses.This answer is correct.

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Question 8

Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?

Stakeholder register
Selected: Business caseThis answer is correct.
Project charter
Kick-off meeting

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Question 9

Project portfolio management addresses strategic goals of an organization, while project management addresses ________ goals of the organization.

Selected: TacticalThis answer is correct.
Internal
Planned
External

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Question 10

Which process group normally requires the most resources and time?

Initiating
Planning
Selected: ExecutingThis answer is correct.
Monitoring and controlling
Closing

You are correct! Normally, executing tasks requires the most resources and time, followed by planning tasks. Executing the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. Thus this process group normally requires the most resources and time.

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Question 11

What is the term for a group of related projects managed in a coordinated fashion?

Life cycle
Phase
Process group
Selected: ProgramThis answer is correct.

You are correct! A program is a group of related projects that can benefit from coordinated management. Life cycles are the various stages a project goes through, and process groups consist of Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing.

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Question 12

Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management?

Business
Selected: InformationThis answer is correct.
Technology
Organization

You are correct! The three-sphere model for systems management provides business, organizational, and technological issues that could be factors in a project. In this case, technological issues, though not simple by any means, are probably the least difficult to identify and resolve.

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Question 13

What is one possible disadvantage of a pure project or project-based organization?

The organization doesn’t work on anything that isn’t project-related.
Costs are high because specialized skills are required to complete projects in this type of structure.
The functional managers have control over which team members are assigned to projects.
Selected: Once the project is completed, the project team members may not have other projects to work on.This answer is correct.

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Question 14

What term describes an organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source in another country?

Globalization
Selected: OffshoringThis answer is correct.
Exporting
Global sourcing

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Question 15

Scope ______ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.

Acceptance
Close-out
Completion
Selected: ValidationThis answer is correct.

You are correct! Scope validation involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables. Acceptance is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.

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Question 16

Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.

Selected:TrueThis answer is correct.
False

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Question 17

You are asked to present and explain your project cost baseline. All of the following are true except which one?

The baseline will be used to track actual spending against the cost estimates.
The baseline can be used to predict future project costs.
Selected: The baseline is tied to the chart of accounts.This answer is correct.
The baseline is the total expected cost for the project.

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Question 18

Your team is working on creating a WBS for phase 2 of the ABC software implementation project. Which of the following is an example of what might appear in the second level of your WBS?

ABC Software implementation project
Project deliverables
Selected: Project phasesThis answer is correct.
Activities

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Question 19

Who is responsible for approving the project budget?

Project manager
Project team
Selected: Project sponsorThis answer is correct.
CEO

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Question 20

Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule?

Selected: Planning schedule managementThis answer is correct.
Defining activities
Estimating activity resources
Activity sequencing

You are correct! Planning schedule management involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule.

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