Author: mfadmin

BPH and renal symptoms?,”BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is typically associated with a smooth, firm, and enlarged prostate. In contrast, prostate cancer often presents with a palpable nodule at the periphery of the prostate gland. All patients with suspected BPH should have urinalysis (to look for hematuria) and a serum creatinine test. Bladder outlet obstruction should be considered in any patient with suspected BPH and acute kidney injury. Generally, creatinine is not elevated by unilateral obstruction (kidney stones), but it is elevated due to bilateral obstruction. As a result

Medicine

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Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease?,”1. Tremor:- A resting 4-6 Hz tremor with a “”pill rolling”” quality- Frequently first manifests in one hand, and may then slowly generalize to involve the other side of the body and the lower extremities2. Rigidity:- Baseline increased resistance to passive movement about a joint3. Bradykinesia:- Difficulty initiating movements, as when starting to walk or rising from a chair- Narrow-based, shuffling gait with short strides and without arm swing- Micrographia (small handwriting)- Hypomimia (decreased facial expression)- Hypophonia (soft speech)4. Postural instability:- Flexed axial posture- Loss of balance during turning or stopping- Loss of balance when pushed slightly from a stationary bipedal stance- Frequent falls The 3 cardinal signs of Parkinson disease are rest tremor, rigidity

Medicine

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease?,”1.[…]

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Mnemonic for Chest X-ray in Heart Failure?,”A mnemonic to look for signs of heart failure on the CXR is ChECK, which stands for: – Cephalization (dilation of the pulmonary vessels radiating upward from the hilum due to fluid overload).- Effusions (look for blunting of the costophrenic angles).- Cardiomegaly (heart shadows occupying >50% of the thoracic diameter).- Kerley B lines (horizontal, peripheral white markings

Medicine

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Correcting hypernatremia?,”1) Stabilize patient with normal saline (0.9%) until clinically euvolemic.2) Calculate his total body water (TBW).TBW = % water * weight (kg); where % water in males = 0.6; females =0.53) Calculate the effect of 1 L of the selected fluid on his current serum Na.Change in serum Na = (Infusate sodium – serum sodium)/(TBW+1 L)4) Divide this into the total amount Na is desired to be lowered over 24 h (i.e., 10-12 mEq/L).5) Account for obligatory 24-hour water loss of about 1.5 L.6) Convert to mL and divide by 24 for rate/hour.Electrolytes should be checked frequently, every 6-8 hours

Medicine

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Correcting hypernatremia?,”1) Stabilize patient with[…]

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Vertebral Compression Fracture?,”The most common cause of nontraumatic VCF is osteoporosis, which is characterized by progressive loss of mineral bone density and loss of normal body architecture. VCF can also be due to osteomalacia, which is usually caused by inadequate levels of vitamin D, Ca2+, or PO4- and results in decreased bone mineralization and increased fracture risk. Other risk factors for VCF include trauma, infection, malignancy with bone metastases, and metabolic abnormalities (eg

Medicine

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Vertebral Compression Fracture?,”The most common[…]

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Open angle glaucoma?,”More common in African Americans, and has increased prevalence in those with a family history of glaucoma and diabetes. There is gradual loss of peripheral vision over a period of years, and eventual tunnel vision. Beta-blockers such as Timolol eye drops are effective in the initial management of the patient. Laser trabeculoplasty is used as an adjunctive measure. If there is a continuous increase in intraocular pressure

Medicine

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Open angle glaucoma?,”More common in[…]

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