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What affect does increasing Na have on the kidneys
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Read moreHow do you workup hyponatremia (Na < 135),"First measure serum osmolarity-If >295 = Hypertonic hyponatremia (hyperglycemia or osmotic diuresis)-If 280-295 = Pseudohyponatremia (high protein or TG)-If <280, assess ECF-If low = hypovolemia (↓TBW, ↓↓Na). Measure urine Na. If <10 it is due to extrarenal loses (diarrhea, vomit, sweat, 3rd spacing). If > 20, it is due to renal loses (diuretic, low aldosterone, ATN)-If normal = euvolemia hyponatremia (↑TBW, -Na). Due to SIADH or psychogenic polydypsia-If high = Hypervolemic hyponatremia. Due to CHF, RF
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Read moreHow do you treat hypotonic hyponatremia
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Read moreHow do you workup hypernatremia (Na > 145)Treatment?,”First measure ECFLow = Hypovolemic hypernatremia (↓↓H2O, ↓Na). Due to renal loss (diuretic) or extrarenal loss (diarrhea). Treat with isotonic salineNormal = Isovolemic hypernatremia (↓H2o, -Na). Due to DI. Treat with D5W or 0.45 salineHigh = Hypervolemic hypernatremia (↑H2O, ↑↑Na). Due to cushings, primary aldosteronism
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Read moreHow does calcium exist in the body,”Protein bound (Al) and free ionizedIf albumin is low, total Ca is low but ionized Ca is normal. If pH is how
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Read moreHow do NSAIDs and ACEI affect the kidney
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Read moreCommon causes of intrinsic AKI,”ATN-Ischemia-Nephrotoxin (vanco, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs
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Read moreRhabdomyolysis electrolyte presentation
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Read moreWhat are the main complications of AKI
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