Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscles?
• a. Skeletal muscle movement is movement that can be consciously controlled.
• b. Skeletal muscles work in pairs; when one contracts, the other relaxes.
• Selected:c. Skeletal muscle is found in the heart as well as in the stomach and blood vessels.This answer is correct.
• d. Skeletal muscles are striated, multinucleated, and elongated in shape.
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Question 2
What is the primary role of platelets?
• a. carry oxygen to the cells
• b. fight disease
• Selected:c. clotting blood to stop bleeding (hemostasis)This answer is correct.
• d. Platelets do not have a primary function.
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Question 3
The chemical reactions that occur in the cells of the body to sustain life are, as a whole, referred to as ________.
• Selected:a. metabolismThis answer is correct.
• b. mitosis
• c. reproduction
• d. immunity
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Question 4
The thicker layer of the skin that is sometimes referred to as the “true” skin is called the ________.
• a. epidermis
• Selected:b. dermisThis answer is correct.
• c. hypodermis
• d. cartilage
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Question 5
A young adult male has approximately how much blood in his body?
• a. one liter
• Selected:b. five litersThis answer is correct.
• c. ten liters
• d. twenty liters
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Question 6
How many bones are there in the adult human body?
• a. 126
• b. 80
• Selected:c. 206This answer is correct.
• d. 401
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Question 7
Reproductive organs can be classified as essential organs and accessory organs, based upon their level of direct involvement in producing offspring. Which of the following is an essential female reproductive organ?
• a. vagina
• b. vulva
• Selected:c. ovariesThis answer is correct.
• d. mammary glands
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Question 8
What is the name of the mechanism that restores low calcium levels to normal by signaling the parathyroid glands to release parathyroid hormone?
• a. diffusion
• Selected:b. negative feedbackThis answer is correct.
• c. osmosis
• d. respiration
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Question 9
The basic structure of the nervous system is called ________.
• Selected:a. neuronsThis answer is correct.
• b. atoms
• c. nephrons
• d. alveoli
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Question 10
The largest area of the brain that is responsible for many bodily functions, including personality, intelligence and memory, is called the ________.
• a. brain stem
• b. cerebellum
• c. spinal cord
• Selected:d. cerebrumThis answer is correct.
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Question 11
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance by regulating the amount of urine produced. What role does ADH play in the event of dehydration or low blood volume?
• Selected:a. stimulates the tubules to reabsorb more water, which decreases urinary outputThis answer is correct.
• b. stimulates a craving for additional salt
• c. triggers the kidneys to shut down
• d. stimulates the production of buffers in the blood
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Question 12
In the endocrine system, hormones bind to the specific type of cell that has receptors. These types of cells are called ________.
• a. melanocytes
• b. neurons
• c. leukocytes
• Selected:d. target cellsThis answer is correct.
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Question 13
Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is
FALSE?
• a. Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions without appearing in the final products of the reaction.
• b. Enzymes may be classified as intracellular or extracellular, depending on whether they act inside or outside of the cell.
• c. Enzymes function optimally at a specific pH and become inactive if the pH deviates beyond narrow limits.
• Selected:d. Enzymes are produced and secreted by the glands of the endocrine system.This answer is correct.
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Question 14
The correct definition of infertility is ________.
• a. absence of sexual intercourse
• b. the ability to produce offspring
• Selected:c. failure to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourseThis answer is correct.
• d. lack of desire to produce offspring
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Question 15
Lymph is a clear fluid that comes from what portion of the blood?
• a. red blood cells
• b. white blood cells
• c. platelets
• Selected:d. plasmaThis answer is correct.
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Question 16
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that forms urine by using which of the following processes?
• a. filtration
• b. tubular reabsorption
• c. tubular secretion
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 17
Excessively low blood concentration of a hormone is called _________.
• Selected:a. hyposecretionThis answer is correct.
• b. hypersecretion
• c. synergism
• d. autoimunity
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Question 18
The composition of atmospheric air shows concentration(s) of ________, in addition to other, trace gasses.
• a. nitrogen
• b. oxygen
• c. carbon dioxide
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 19
A/an ________ is the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes.
• a. tidal volume
• b. total lung capacity
• Selected:c. pulmonary capacityThis answer is correct.
• d. alveolar ventilation
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Question 20
Processes for maintaining or restoring homeostasis are known as ________.
• Selected:a. homeostatic control mechanismsThis answer is correct.
• b. metabolism
• c. urination
• d. respiration
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Question 21
The normal range for the pH of blood is ________.
• a. 0
• Selected:b. 7.35 – 7.45.This answer is correct.
• c. .5 .1.5
• d. 1.25-12.5
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Question 22
Which of the following is/are an example/examples of a pH influencing chemical?
• a. carbonic acid
• b. lactic acid
• c. phosphoric acid
• Selected:d. all of the above
This answer is correct.
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Question 23
What type of connective tissue is present in the trachea and bronchial trees and is responsible for keeping the airway open?
• a. bone
• Selected:b. cartilageThis answer is correct.
• c. ligaments
• d. blood
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Question 24
The cerebrum is located in which of the following body cavities?
• Selected:a. cranial cavityThis answer is correct.
• b. thoracic cavity
• c. spinal cavity
• d. abdominal cavity
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Question 25
The primary function of the mammary glands of the breast is ________.
• Selected:a. lactationThis answer is correct.
• b. sexual stimulation
• c. structural balance
• d. ovulation
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Question 26
Once the impulse has traveled along the axon of a neuron to the axon terminal, it jumps from one neuron to the next. This is called ________.
• Selected:a. a synapseThis answer is correct.
• b. an ectopic beat
• c. a mistake
• d. fight or flight
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Question 27
The function of the ________ together is to regulate the passage of material at both stomach openings.
• Selected:a. lower esophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincterThis answer is correct.
• b. spleen and liver
• c. small intestine and large intestine
• d. kidneys
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Question 28
________ consist of chemical sub-units that are called amino acids.
• a. Fatty acids
• b. Glucose
• Selected:c. ProteinsThis answer is correct.
• d. Blood cells
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Question 29
Which of the following statements accurately describes innate immunity?
• a. Innate immunity is the intentional process of stimulating the production of memory cells through vaccinations.
• b. Innate immunity occurs when antibodies from one individual are transferred to a non-immune individual.
• Selected:c. Innate immunity is the body’s natural ability to fight infection.This answer is correct.
• d. Innate immunity is the second line of defense and has memory from prior exposure to antigens.
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Question 30
Of the following, which structure is part of the lymph system?
• Selected:a. spleenThis answer is correct.
• b. aorta
• c. red blood cells
• d. pituitary gland
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Question 31
A decrease in fluid intake causes osmoreceptors in the “thirst center” to increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Where is the thirst center located?
• Selected:a. in the subfornical organ (SFO) in the third ventricle of the brainThis answer is correct.
• b. in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum
• c. in the adrenal glands
• d. in the kidneys
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Question 32
The epithelial membranes that line body surfaces that are directly open to the exterior, such as those found in the lining of the mouth and nose of the respiratory tract, are called ________.
• Selected:a. mucous membranesThis answer is correct.
• b. serous membranes
• c. cutaneous membranes
• d. cell membranes
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Question 33
Approximately two liters of urine is produced by the ________ each day.
• a. liver
• Selected:b. kidneysThis answer is correct.
• c. bladder
• d. small intestine
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Question 34
In a negative feedback loop, what is the “setpoint”?
• a. the point where death can occur
• Selected:b. the normal level or valueThis answer is correct.
• c. the point is time where life began
• d. the point of no return
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Question 35
Of the following, which statement correctly reflects the fundamental principle of fluid balance?
• Selected:a. The total amount of water entering a body equals the total amount of water leaving the body.This answer is correct.
• b. The total amount of water entering a body is greater than the total amount of water leaving the body.
• c. The total amount of water entering a body is less than the total amount of water leaving the body.
• d. There is no relationship between the total amount of water entering a body and the total amount of water leaving the body.
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Question 36
The function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone and renin is to ________.
• a. serve as the primary pacemaker for the heart
• b. regulate breathing
• c. regulate body temperature
• Selected:d. regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and maintain blood pressureThis answer is correct.
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Question 37
________ is the normal amount of air exchanges during ventilation.
• Selected:a.
Tidal volume
This answer is correct.
• b.
Vital lung capacity
• c.
Inspiratory reserve
• d.
Expiratory reserve
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Question 38
Of the four blood types, which one is known as the universal donor?
• a. Type AB
• b. Type A
• c. Type A
• Selected:d. Type OThis answer is correct.
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Question 39
What is the name of the male reproductive organ that secretes a watery, milky-looking, slightly acidic fluid?
• a. penis
• b. testicles
• Selected:c. prostate glandThis answer is correct.
• d. urethra
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Question 40
A buffer is defined as ________.
• Selected:a. a substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added.This answer is correct.
• b. the lining of the stomach
• c. the outer layer of the dermis
• d. an atom
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Question 41
Before a muscle can contract, it must receive an electrical signal from the nervous system. This electrical signal is called a/an ________.
• a. action potential
• b. synapse
• c. negative feedback loop
• Selected:d. impulseThis answer is correct.
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Question 42
What is the function of the ovaries?
• Selected:a. to produce ova – the female gameteThis answer is correct.
• b. to serve as transport channels for the ova
• c. to protect the clitoris and vestibule
• d. all of the above
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Question 43
Which of the following elements of the nervous system is
required for the voluntary control of micturition?
• a. The nerves supplying the pelvic floor of the bladder must be intact and functioning properly.
• b. The motor areas of the brain are all intact and functioning properly.
• c. The projection tracts of the central nervous system are all intact and functioning properly.
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 44
The contraction of the ventricles is called ________.
• Selected:a. systoleThis answer is correct.
• b. diastole
• c. asystole
• d. conduction
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Question 45
Which of the following symptoms is a sign of a stress reaction?
• a. difficulty breathing
• b. rapid heart rate
• c. excessive sweating
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 46
Coronary circulation refers to the circulation of blood to what part of the body?
• a. to the lungs
• b. to the kidneys
• c. to all organs of the body
• Selected:d. to the muscle of the heartThis answer is correct.
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Question 47
Which of the following is/are a function(s) of the liver?
• a. produces and secretes bile
• b. stores fat-soluble vitamins
• c. detoxifies harmful substances
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 48
Which of the following are essential components for muscular function?
• a. calcium
• b. oxygen
• c. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 49
Respiration is the term for the exchange of ________ in the alveoli of the lungs.
• a. oxygen and nitrogen
• b. carbon dioxide and hydrogen
• Selected:c. oxygen and carbon dioxideThis answer is correct.
• d. oxygen and carbon monoxide
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Question 50
The neuroendocrine system refers to ________.
• a. the functions of the endocrine system in general
• b. the function of neurosecretory tissue
• Selected:c. the endocrine and nervous systems working in concert throughout the bodyThis answer is correct.
• d. the secretion of hormones in the brain
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Question 51
All human cells, except for gametes, reproduce by the process known as ________.
• a. ovulation
• Selected:b. mitosisThis answer is correct.
• c. cellular respiration
• d. meiosis
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Question 52
The ascending colon is located in what quadrant?
• a. the right lower quadrant (RLQ)
• Selected:b. the left upper quadrant (LUQ)This answer is correct.
• c. the epigastric region
• d. the umbilical region
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Question 53
All arteries of the body carry blood with oxygen (oxygenated blood) EXCEPT the ________.
• a. renal artery
• b. carotid artery
• Selected:c. pulmonary arteryThis answer is correct.
• d. brachial artery
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Question 54
Steroid hormones are made from ________.
• Selected:a. cholesterolThis answer is correct.
• b. amino acids
• c. carbon atoms
• d. buffers
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Question 55
Urinary mechanisms play a vital role in ________ because kidneys are able to secrete hydrogen ions [H+] into urine.
• Selected:a. acid-base balanceThis answer is correct.
• b. breathing
• c. digestion
• d. blood pressure
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Question 56
Once deoxygenated blood enters the right atria, the atria contracts and pushes the blood into which chamber?
• a. left atria
• Selected:b. right ventricleThis answer is correct.
• c. left ventricle
• d. lungs
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Question 57
The function of this cell is to produce cell-mediated immunity and to help regulate adaptive immunity in general.
• a. A-cell
• b. B-cell
• Selected:c. T-cellThis answer is correct.
• d. erythrocyte
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Question 58
The semi-permeable membrane of the cell is called the ________.
• a. nucleus
• b. endoplasmic reticulum
• Selected:c. cell membraneThis answer is correct.
• d. mitochondria
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Question 59
The thin, sheet-like structure that covers and protects many of the body surfaces and lines body cavities is called ________.
• a. enamel
• b. muscles
• c. lubricant
• Selected:d. membranesThis answer is correct.
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Question 60
Which of the following statements regarding water is FALSE?
• a. The polarity of water allows water to act as an effective solvent.
• b. Water permits the transportation of many essential materials within the body.
• Selected:c. Water is an example of an organic compound.This answer is correct.
• d. Water absorbs and gives up heat slowly.
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Question 61
The primary function of red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, is to ________.
• a. to fight disease and infection
• b. to clot blood
• Selected:c. to carry oxygen to the cells of the bodyThis answer is correct.
• d. to remove waste
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Question 62
Which of the following statements regarding hydrogen [H+] bonds is TRUE?
• a. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than ionic and covalent bonds because they require more energy to break.
• b. Hydrogen bonds are equal to ionic and covalent bonds because they require the same amount of energy to break.
• Selected:c. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds because they require less energy to break.This answer is correct.
• d. Hydrogen bonds do not exist because hydrogen is unable to bond to other elements.
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Question 63
The renal artery provides oxygenated blood to ________.
• a. the heart
• b. the brain
• Selected:c. each kidneyThis answer is correct.
• d. the stomach
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Question 64
Which of the following processes are involved in the acute inflammatory response?
• a. White blood cells (WBC) attack foreign invaders.
• b. The injured area swells, displays redness, becomes warm and painful.
• c. Chemicals are released.
• Selected:d. all of the aboveThis answer is correct.
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Question 65
The natural phenomenon caused by the tendency of molecules to spread out evenly within any given space is called _________.
• a. filtration
• b. active transport
• c. active pumping
• Selected:d. diffusionThis answer is correct.
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Question 66
What is the correct definition of cellular respiration?
• Selected:a. the process in which cells break down glucose into carbon dioxide and waterThis answer is correct.
• b. the process that allows hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cells
• c. the process that allows gametes to reproduce
• d. the process that allows nutrients to be absorbed by the small intestine
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Question 67
Which type of neuron carries information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the structures of the body which causes the body to respond?
• a. sensory (afferent) neurons
• Selected:b. motor (efferent) neuronsThis answer is correct.
• c. interneurons
• d. atypical neurons
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Question 68
Hypovolemia is defined as ________.
• Selected:a. a decline in the volume of body fluid that can lead to a state of dehydration.This answer is correct.
• b. an excessive intake of water, resulting in kidney damage.
• c. a lack of oxygen to the brain that can lead to brain damage.
• d. hyperventilation, resulting in too much oxygen supplied to the brain.
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Question 69
Only one gland in the body has both endocrine and exocrine functions. This gland is called the_____:
• a. pituitary gland
• Selected:b. pancreasThis answer is correct.
• c. adrenal gland
• d. gall bladder
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Question 70
Cyclical changes in the ovaries are a result of ________.
• a. fluid balance in the body
• Selected:b. gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary glandThis answer is correct.
• c. oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the alveoli of the lungs
• d. stimulation of the sinoatrial node of the heart
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Question 71
Fertilization of the egg and the sperm occurs in which of the following reproductive organs?
• Selected:a. the fallopian tubeThis answer is correct.
• b. the vagina
• c. the penis
• d. the uterus
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Question 72
________ is defined as the amount of blood that flows out of a ventricle of the heart per unit of time
• a. Blood pressure
• Selected:b. Cardiac outputThis answer is correct.
• c. Tidal volume
• d. Mitral valve
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Question 73
What is the correct term for the wave-like muscle movements that move food and fluid through the digestive tract?
• a. osmosis
• b. diffusion
• c. abduction
• Selected:d. peristalsisThis answer is correct.
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Question 74
Hyperventillation can lead to which of the following conditions?
• a.
respiratory acidosis
• Selected:b.
respiratory alkalosis
This answer is correct.
• c.
metabolic acidosis
• d.
metabolic alkalosis
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Question 75
Bob and Sue are expecting their first child. Bob has hazel colored eyes, which is a dominant trait, but carries a recessive gene for blue eyes. Sue has blue eyes, which is a recessive trait. Using a Punnett Square, where the gene for hazel eyes = H and the gene for blue eyes = h, what it the likelihood that their first child will have blue eyes?
• a. 100%
• b. 75%
• Selected:c. 50%This answer is correct.
• d. 25%