Category: Medicine

Open angle glaucoma?,”More common in African Americans, and has increased prevalence in those with a family history of glaucoma and diabetes. There is gradual loss of peripheral vision over a period of years, and eventual tunnel vision. Beta-blockers such as Timolol eye drops are effective in the initial management of the patient. Laser trabeculoplasty is used as an adjunctive measure. If there is a continuous increase in intraocular pressure

Medicine

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Syringomyelia?,”Fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord that may represent dilation of the central canal or a separate cavity within the spinal parenchyma. It most likely presents within the cervical and thoracic spine but can also involve the brainstem. The condition is most likely associated with Arnold Chiari malformation type 1 but may also be acquired from inflammation, infection a tumor, or trauma involving the spine. Typically presents with loss of pain/temp sensation in the dermatomes corresponding to the site of spinal involvement (“”cape distribution””). Vibration/proprioception is preserved as the dorsal spinal column is not usually affected. As the cavity enlarges, there can be interruption of the anterior horn gray matter

Medicine

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Bronchiectasis?,”Bronchiectasis results when damage occurs to the bronchial walls from inflammation or infection. Airway damage leads to further infection. Etiologies include airway obstruction (eg, lung cancer), post infectious (eg, viral, tuberculosis), congenital (eg, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), and toxin exposure. Patients typically develop chronic (most days of the week) productive cough with mucopurulent sputum, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fatigue, and weight loss. In contrast to chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis is more likely associated with a larger volume of sputum (> 100 mL/day), recurrent fever, hemoptysis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Patients with chronic bronchitis usually complain of non purulent expectoration. Physical findings of bronchiectasis include crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes on lung examination. Chest X-ray is not sensitive or specific for diagnosis of bronchiectasis but can reveal nonspecific findings such as linear atelectasis, dilated and thickened airways, and irregular peripheral opacities. High resolution chest CT is preferred for diagnosis and can show bronchial dilation, lack of airway tapering, and bronchial wall thickening on CT scan. After bronchiectasis is confirmed with CT, all patients require sputum analysis for bacteria and mycobacteria (TB and atypical). Bronchoscopy is recommended for focal disease to evaluate airway obstruction. Treatment involves addressing the underlying etiology, corticosteroids and macrolides to reduce airway inflammation

Medicine

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Legionnaires’ disease?,”Legionnaires’ disease is an atypical community-acquired pneumonia with central nervous system (confusion) and GI (abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatitis) features. The primary environmental source is water. Hotels and cruise ships are frequently implicated in outbreaks. The most common method to confirm the diagnosis is urine antigen testing. Cultures can also be taken but it can be difficult to recover. When Legionnaires’ disease is suspected or proven

Medicine

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Raynaud’s phenomenon?,”Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon:- No underlying cause- Women age < 30 - Negative ANA and ESR-Avoid aggravating factors- CCB (calcium channel blocker) for persistent symptoms Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon:- Connective tissue diseases- Occlusive vascular conditions- Usually men age > 40- Tissue injury or digital ulcers- Evaluate and treat underlying disorder- CCB for persistent symptoms

Medicine

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Raynaud’s phenomenon?,”Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon:- No[…]

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