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What are indications for antihyperuricemic treatment?
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hypophosphatemia?,”Intracellular shift:1. Glucose loading (shift intracellular, same mechanism as refeeding syndrome)2. Prolonged hyperglycemia3. Respiratory alkalosis (accelerates glycolysis, glucose and phosphorus movement into cells)4. B-agonists use5. Systemic inflammation (catecholamine release)Renal excretionDecrease GI absorption – chelator (aluminum antacids
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Read moreWhat is the differential DDx for hypercalcemia?,”CDEFGHICancer (paraneoplastic RCC, SCC of lung, bladder, breast, prostate, MM, lymphoma, leukemia)Drugs (Vitamin A/D, thiazide)Endocrine/Electrolytes (Addison’s, thyrotoxicosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, acidosis, acromegaly)Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemiaGranuloma (Sarcoid, TB, leprosy)Hyperparathyroid (primary and tertiary)Ingestion (Milk-alkali syndrome)
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Read moreWhat are the systemic effects of hypophosphatemia?,”1. Low CO (less ATP, less contractility)2. Anemia (decreased deformability, leading to hemolytic anemia)3. Impaired HbO2 dissociation (phos is important part of 2
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Read moreWhat are the 2 most common causes of hypercalcemia?
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hyperphosphatemia?,”Release from cells – rhabdo
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Read moreWhat are the electrolyte abnormalities of hyperparathyroidism?,”1. Hypercalcemia.*2. Hyperchloremia.3. Hypophosphatemia.*4. Metabolic acidosis (low bicarb)5. Increased serum creatinine (long-standing nephrocalcinosis, or CKD)+ elevated serum PTH
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Read moreWhat is the clinical manifestation of hyperphosphatemia?
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Read moreWhat chloride:phosphate ratio suggests hyperparathyroidism?
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