Encoding,”Is a translation between formal languages. For programmers
the most familiar form of encoding is the compilation of a programming language into machine code or byte-code. Conversion between document formats are also forms of encoding. Compilation of TeX or LaTeX documents to PostScript are also commonly encountered encoding processes. Some high-level preprocessors such as OCaml’s Camlp4 or Apple Computer’s WorldScript also involve encoding of a programming language into another.”