Expectancy theory,”the theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way
based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.Individual effort 1 individual performance 2 organizational rewards 3 individual goals 1. Expectancy or effort-performance linkage: the expectation that effort will lead to a certain level of performance.2. Instrumentality or performance-reward linkage: the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome.3. Valence or attractiveness of reward: the importance of the potential outcome of reward that can be achieved by the job (both goals and needs)”