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the implemntation phase developing an implementation schedule,”Once all of the clients of the new system are in place. The next step is to develop the implementttion schedule (or cutover) and family to cut over to the new system. Most systems have a staggered introduction. That is elements of the system are introduced one at a time and so that it is possible to ensure that they are working as intended before the next element is introduced. This is a common approach as it allows the developers to quickly isolate problems in individual sectors of the system. If more than one element of the system is introduced at the time to isolate where the problem is occurring. This staggered introduction is commonly refereed to as a “”cutover”” this is because the two system cut over one another as each element is introduced. This is by far the most preffered method of introducing a new computer system however there are times when it is not possible to do this. Where the ability to introduce the system in sectors is not available, for example the new system is not compatible with existing equipment, which will be dispoed of when the new system is commissioned- a different implementation method must be used. Most commonly, it will be one that involves the use of parallel systems. As the name suggests, a parallel system is where two systems (the current and the new ones) are being run at the same time to perform the same job. While this duplicates the work there are some significant advantages to this type of system. As the performance of the existing system is a known quality, it gives us something to compare the performance and accuracy of the new system to. Often parallel systems will operate for a month or two before the old system is decommissioned. The biggest problem with parallel system is that the duplication of the work can be costly however this must be viewed against the security of the knowledge that if the new ssystm under performs, the old system can be kept operating until such time as all problems with the new system are sorted out. Where the new system requires the old hardware and/or software to be removed and it is not possible to have a cutover program or parallel systems, the only option available is the use of a trial system. This where a small version of the system is set up and tried before the widespread intoruction of the system. The trial emulates all aspects of the computer system to ensure that it will work properly. It aims to reproduce as closely as possible the “”real life”” situation the system will be used in> If the system is to be used in a number of locations often this trial will occur in a single location which crosses over to the new system and evaluates its performance until its is satisfactory

Project Management

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the implemntation phase educating users,”The more effectively the users are trained in the system, the less problems there will be with it. Each type of training has benefits and disadvtages. What is important is that each company decides upon the most apprproatie training based on its individual needs and requirements. Where customers need to be included in the education program the, the complexity of the education program delivery increases. Having created the environment for the deployment of the new system, it is important that all of the users are educated in the use of the new system while this is an obvious step, it is a very important step in the success of the new system. There are a number of training strategies a company might employ when implementaing a new system- from onsite training to specialist courses. Some of the factors that will need to be taken into consideration when designing a training program include, the existing skill sets within the company, the extent of the change, the funds available and the number of users to be trained. In addition to this, decisions made in the implementation plan will have an impact on the taining pograms as well. This is because there may be elements of a propsed training program that cannot be carried out until other parts of the implementation program are complete. For example, the training program cannot commence until after the new software has been written and tested, or if the training program is to involves “”hands on”” experience within the new hardware, this cannot happen, until after the new equipment has been installed. It is important that all users of the system are tained in its operation. If the customers of the company are one of the direct user groups of the system (such as bank customers and ATMs) then they will need to be included in the education program. Customer training increases the complexity of the program. This is because there is significantly less control over the training that can be given to customers. (Buy this, it is meant that, while it can be mandated for employees to undergo a education program you cannot make customers do this

Project Management

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the implemtnation phase: preparing the physcial facilities,”The next part of the implementation process is preparing the physical facilities. How important or large a step this will depend upon the system in question. It may be simple as clearing a desktop, to accommodate a PC to removing doors to allow the entry of large equipment. Insome specialist cases, it may even invovlve changes such as the air conditioning and or filtering equipment security access etc. Each system will need to be analyzed to identify while changes to the physical environment will be required and how those changes will be implemented. It is also important to identify the importance of the physical changes, and thus the order in which they need to be completed. For example, if computer hardware to be used in the system can only operate at ten to twenty degrees, and there is no air conditioning

Project Management

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Implemtnation phase acquistion of new equipment hardware,”For a large company hardare upgrades can involves replacing hyndreds of PC’s-thus the process can be a lengthy and complex one. When considering hardware upgrades, issues such as the storage of the new equipment must be taken into consideration. Hardware changes for Government Departments may need to follow certain guidlinesss. For example, there may be procedures for a tendering process. As part of the system design process. There may have been the requirement for new equipment (hardware and software) equipment must be obtained while this sounds like a simple task, it can often be a long and tiresome process. For a large compmnay upgrading a system may involve replacing hundreds of PCs and its hardware is to be upgraded. There may be a number of different parts required for the difffrent models of computers all of which have to be sourced. Software might need to be purchase “”off the shelf”” then modified of custom written to suit the specific needs of the system. Depending upon the organization there might also be further company or statuory reuqirements to follow. For example a Victoria Government Department would not be able to just go out and buy the equipment they need-they would need to conduct a tender.These sorts of requirements may slow the process down. It is very important that this phase of the process is handled properly. This is for a numbr of reasons- obviously there is the expense of the equipment but there are also other issues- if there are going to be a hundred new PC’s for example there would need to be stored from the time the company receives them to the time the system is actually implemented. In order to do this the company would have to have available a reasonably large storage facility. If it were a chain of stores that was upgrading their computer system, the new computers would need to be delivered to the appropriate stores as they were ready to be upgraded. In addititon new software would have to be tested for compatibility and to ensure that it was capable of handling the tasks required by the users of the system. This process required careful planning to ensure the smooth introduction of the new system. In addition to acquiring new equipment, the old equipment must be dealt with as well. It will be necessary to determine the most appropriate course of action for this- disposal, sale or redeployment within the organization. Either way there will be company or statuary requirements that will need to be followed that are similar to those that were followed when purchasing equipment. It is important that the acquisition of equipment is timed to allow for the smooth introduction of the new systmm. Exactly how this will require the delivery of the equipment will vary from the system to system

Project Management

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the implementation phase: planning and announcing the implementation,”planning the implementation invovles identifying where the system changes will be made idenfitfying the operators that will be affected in the changes identifyig equipment to be modified intriduced or made redudant, identifying staff training requriements and developing a time line for the introduction of a new system. Once this has been done an announcement of the changeover will be made to all the users of the system. The form of the announcement will depend on the particular system in question but typically it will invvolves all of the staff of the compnay, not just those directly affected. THis is done becuase the productuvity of the staff in the division where the implementation is taking place may be affected, and it is important that all staff within the compnay need to be aware of these unique (and temporary) factors. Similaryly it is not uncommon for a organization to notify customers and clients of such changes as well. IF we think about this, it is not surprising, as they may be affected by the changes

Project Management

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the implemeentation phase of the sdlc,”having establish the prefered design of a computer system, the next phase of the system developedment life cyccle is to comission the development of the preferred deisng. depending upon the size of the organization in question the actual writing of the software code may be done internally by the computer department, or outsources from specialist computer firms as any solution depertment there will need to be the usual devleopment and testing proocedures in places to ensure that the program being written actually function properly. However

Project Management

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