Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) ?,”Characteristic features of PMR:- Age > 50- Subacute-to-chronic (>1 month) pain in the shoulder and hip girdles- Morning stiffness lasting >1 hour- Constitutional symptoms- Elevated ESR > 40 mm/h- No other apparent explanation for symptomsLow-dose glucocorticoids are the treatment of choice for PMR (eg, prednisone 10-20 mg daily). PMR is frequently associated with giant cell arteritis

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Grave’s ophthalmopathy?,”Grave’s ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune condition and the most common cause of exophthalmos in adults. Proptosis in Grave’s ophthalmopathy results from increased volume of retro-orbital tissues (connective, muscular, and adipose tissue expansion; lymphocytic infiltrations) and is a direct result of anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies.Risk factors for Grave’s ophthalmopathy include female sex, advancing age

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