Resources,”The rich resources of Middle and South America have attracted outsiderssince the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Europe’sencounter with this region marked a major expansion of the globaleconomy.■ Middle and South America occupied a disadvantaged position in globaltrade, supplying cheap raw materials that aided the Industrial Revolutionin Europe and then North America but reaping few of the profits.■ In recent years, countries such as Ecuador, Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil, andVenezuela have worked to control their own resources, develop localindustries, keep profits at home, and limit environmental pollution.Meanwhile

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native americans/first nation,”The Continental Interior has the greatest concentration of native people inNorth America, most of them living on reservations, as native lands are called inthe United States.• Only those who live in the vast tundra and northern forests of the CanadianShield still occupy their original territories. The Nunavut, for example, recentlywon rights to their territory (part of the former Northwest Territory) after 30years of negotiation.• The Nunavut and the Tłįchǫ, who have a strong sense of cultural heritage and anentrepreneurial streak as well, have Web sites and manage their lives and theresources of their ancestral lands—oil, gas, gold

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The Andes,”- also known as Sierra Madre in Mexico- A nearly continuous chain of mountains stretches along the western edge ofthe American continents for more than 10,000 miles (16,000 kilometers) fromAlaska to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America,-It was formed by a lengthy subduction zone, where two oceanic plates—theCocos Plate and the Nazca Plate—plunge beneath three continental plates— theNorth American Plate, the Caribbean Plate

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settlement,”Although much of the Continental Interiorremains sparsely inhabited, nonindigenouspeople have settled in considerable density ina few places.• Where irrigation is possible, agriculture hasbeen expanding—in Utah and Nevada; in thelowlands along the Snake and Columbia riversof Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; and as farnorth as Alberta, Canada.• Increasing numbers of people are migrating tothe Continental Interior. The many nationalparks in the region attract both seasonal andpermanent workers and millions of tourists.• More than half the land in the ContinentalInterior is federally owned. Mining and oildrilling, often on leased federal land, are byfar the largest industries.The Bingham Canyon open-pit copper mineis the largest human-made excavation inthe world. It is 0.75 miles deep, 2.5 mileswide

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