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What is the triad of milk-alkali syndrome?
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Read moreWhat is the clinical manifestation of hyperphosphatemia?
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hyperphosphatemia?,”Release from cells – rhabdo
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Read moreWhat are the systemic effects of hypophosphatemia?,”1. Low CO (less ATP, less contractility)2. Anemia (decreased deformability, leading to hemolytic anemia)3. Impaired HbO2 dissociation (phos is important part of 2
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hypophosphatemia?,”Intracellular shift:1. Glucose loading (shift intracellular, same mechanism as refeeding syndrome)2. Prolonged hyperglycemia3. Respiratory alkalosis (accelerates glycolysis, glucose and phosphorus movement into cells)4. B-agonists use5. Systemic inflammation (catecholamine release)Renal excretionDecrease GI absorption – chelator (aluminum antacids
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Read moreHow does hypomagnesemia cause arrhythmias?
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Read moreWhat other electrolyte abnormalities are associated with hypomagnesemia?,”1. HypoK (impairs renal K reabsorption, can cause refractory hypoK
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hypomagnesemia?,”DA MGDiuresis – furosemide (impaired Na reabsorption also blocks Mg reabsorption), diabetes aminoglycosides, amphotericin, digoxin, cisplatin
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Read moreWhat is the DDx of hypermagnesemia?,”RENALRenal failureExogenous (MgSO4)Necrosis of tissue (e.g. burns, rhabdo
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