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What are methods of diagnosing a parathyroid nodule?
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Read moreWhat are blood tests needed to confirm hyperparathyroidism?
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Read moreWhat is the most common metabolic and long-term complication of hyperparathyroidism?,”Metabolic: Kidney stones (15-20% of patients)Long-term: Cardiovascular – HTN, LVH
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Read moreWhat is the approach to hypocalcemia?,”PTH-relatedHypoparathyroidism (surgery, radiation, AI, infiltrative, DiGeorge)Functional (hypomagnesemia)PTH-resistance (Pseudohypoparathyroidism)Non-PTH-relatedVitamin D deficiencyDrugs (phosphate, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, lasix)Hungry bone syndrome (post-parathyroidectomy)Lysis (panreatitis, rhabdo, tumor, citrate
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Read moreWhat is the appropriate management of a hypercalcemia crisis?,”Hydration and Lasix (avoid thiazide). This prevents proximal and distal absorption of calcium.Consider steroids, calcitonin, bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, pamidronate)
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Read moreHow can phosphate be used to determine the etiology of hypercalcemia?,”Low (PTH present, Ca up
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Read moreWhat chloride:phosphate ratio suggests hyperparathyroidism?
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Read moreWhat are the electrolyte abnormalities of hyperparathyroidism?,”1. Hypercalcemia.*2. Hyperchloremia.3. Hypophosphatemia.*4. Metabolic acidosis (low bicarb)5. Increased serum creatinine (long-standing nephrocalcinosis, or CKD)+ elevated serum PTH
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Read moreWhat are the 2 most common causes of hypercalcemia?
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