North Lawndale: Impact of Economic Decline on People,”In 1960, there were 125,000 people living in North Lawndale, with two largefactories employing 57,000 workers, and a large retail chain’s corporateheadquarters supporting thousands of secretaries and office workers.• One by one, the employers closed their doors, and by the 1980s North Lawndalewas disintegrating.• By 2003, North Lawndale had shrunk to just 50,000 people, and over 50 percentof the adults were unemployed.• Despite the importance of industry in this region it would be wrong to think ofthe economic core as solely grounded on factories and mines.• The thousands of miles of shoreland around the Great Lakes and oceanfrontalong the Eastern Seaboard provided both winter and summer recreationallandscapes

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Multiple Images characterize the south,”The American South is dominated by acomplex of features that many peoplewould identify as Southern: dialects,cuisine, white and African-Americantraditions, sports, and music, as well aspolitics of gun ownership, patriotism, andthe more prominent role of religion inpublic life.• Some places located in the South havefew recognizable Southern qualities. Partsof Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas havestrong ties to the Great Plains. Miami, onthe far southern tip of Florida

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return migration,”• It is true that significant racial segregation still persists in that black peopleand white people tend to live and worship separately, but in fact, manymore whites and blacks share neighborhoods in the South than in the OldEconomic Core.• The South has the nation’s highest concentration of families living below thepoverty line, and most of them are white. On the other hand, mostSoutherners—black, white, or Hispanic—are able to maintain a substantiallybetter standard of living than their parents did.• Many who left the South in the 1950s and 1960s for factory jobs in the OldEconomic Core in the Great Migration have come back to the region becauseof jobs, business opportunities, the lower cost of living, and a milder climate,as well as safer, more spacious, and friendlier neighborhoods than the onesthey left in places such as New York, Illinois, or California.• In the 1990s, 3.5 million people who self-identified as black moved to theSouth from other parts of the United States. Seven of the ten metropolitanareas that gained the most black migrants during the 1990s were in theSouth, principally in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee

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Things to Remember,”The regional boundaries of the American South are perhaps less distinct andbased more on a perceived state of mind and a way of life than most other U.S.regions.• While the South still remains the subregion with the nation’s highest povertyrate and lowest educational attainment, the region is growing in population,number of businesses, and high-tech industry; it is improving with regard to itsoverall human well-being; and it is increasingly becoming the choice ofresidence for immigrants from all over the world.• Contrary to popular belief

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Some challenges of the Great Plains,”As people do in even drier regions in the Continental Interior, Great Plainsfarmers often irrigate their crops with water pumped from deep aquifers anddelivered with central-pivot sprinklers that irrigate circular-shaped areas.• However, to produce enough grain for one slice of bread in irrigated fields takes10.4 gallons of water

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globalization and the great plains,”• Cattle and other livestock, such as hogsand turkeys, are slaughtered andprocessed for market in small plantsacross the plains by low-wage, oftenimmigrant, labor.• In the 1970s, a meatpacking job in theGreat Plains provided a stable annualincome of $30,000 or more, relativelyhigh for the time.• in the 1980s, a number of unionizedmeatpacking companies closed theirdoors. Other nonunion plants opened,often in isolated small towns in Iowa,Nebraska

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agriculture,”Mechanization has reduced the number of jobs in agriculture andencouraged the consolidation of ownership. Increasingly,corporations own the farms of the Great Plains.• These days the only Great Plains rural counties with increasingpopulations are those with significant numbers of Native Americans.• Native Americans lead a revival of sustainability: Mike Faith, a Siouxtrained in animal science, manages a large bison herd at StandingRock Reservation, not far from where Sitting Bull was killed in 1890.Bison meat, which is low in cholesterol, may help control obesity

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the bee trade,”• Cattle ranches and grain farms still prevail in the middle and southern plains, but inthe northwestern plains, many farmers have been putting their land into the FederalConservation Reserve program, which is aimed at stopping soil erosion and savingwater by paying farmers to take land out of production.• It is the return of native grasses and wildflowers that brought beekeepers and theirhives to the northern plains. For some years now, beekeepers have “”parked”” theirbeehives in this area so that their bees can produce honey by feeding on the nectarand pollen of prairie wildflowers.• During a few lucrative weeks in February, when the almond groves near Fresno inthe Central Valley of California are in bloom, the beekeepers truck their thousandsof beehives (containing as many as a billion bees) to pollinate California’s CentralValley almond flowers (Figure 2.48).• California produces two-thirds of the world’s almonds; without the bees topollinate, there would be no almonds. When the almond bloom is over

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