climate change and urbanization,”- North America produces 26 percentof the world’s greenhouse gases, even though it only has 5 percent ofthe world’s population. This is related to the region’s pattern of urbandevelopment and its fossil fuel-dependent industrial and agriculturalproduction methods.- While many parts of North America are exposed to multiple climate changeimpacts

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People of North America,”The Bering land bridge allowed hunters to enter NorthAmerica from northeastern Asia about 25,000 years ago.About 3,000 years ago, domesticated crops were introduced.■ There were sizeable settlements in North America withspecialized economies.■ After European occupation of the continent, settlers, with theassistance of slave labor, built villages, towns, port cities

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people of North America,”The rapid expansion of European settlement was facilitated by the vulnerability of NativeAmerican populations to European diseases. Having long been isolated from the rest of theworld, Native Americans had no immunity to diseases such as measles and smallpox.Transmitted by Europeans and Africans who had built up immunity to them, these diseaseskilled up to 90 percent of Native Americans within the first 100 years of contact.Roughly 18 million Native Americans lived in North America in 1492. By1542, after just a few Spanish expeditions, only half that numbersurvived. By 1907, slightly more than 400,000, or a mere 2 percent ofthe 1492 population

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people of north america,”- To secure a large, stable labor force, Europeans brought enslaved African workers intoNorth America, beginning in 1619. Within 50 years, enslaved Africans were thedominant labor force on some of the larger Southern plantations. The plantationsystem concentrated wealth in the hands of a small class of landowners, who made upjust 12 percent of Southerners in 1860. – Southerners did not invest as much in infrastructure at home, preventing road, rail

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economic core,”- By the end of the RevolutionaryWar in 1783, the mid-Atlantic region was on its way to becoming this, or thedominant economic region, of North America. Port cities such as New York, Philadelphia, andBaltimore prospered as the intermediary for trade between Europe and the vast AmericanContinental Interior.- By the 1840s, immigrant farmers from central and northern Europe, as well asEuropean descendants born in eastern North America, were pushing their waybeyond the Great Lakes and across the Mississippi River

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Gold Rush,”- By the 1840s, Europeans were coming to the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, tothe Great Basin, and to the well- watered and fertile coastal zones of what wasthen known as the Oregon Territory and California. News of the discovery of goldin California in 1849 created the this, which drew thousands with theprospect of getting rich quickly.The extension of railroads across the continent in the nineteenth centuryfacilitated the transportation of manufactured goods to the West and rawmaterials and (eventually) fresh produce to the East. – By the twentieth century, a vibrant agricultural economy had developed in centraland southern California; irrigated agriculture was made possible by massivegovernment-sponsored water movement projects. The mild Mediterranean climatemade it possible to grow vegetables almost year-round. With the advent ofrefrigerated railroad cars, fresh California vegetables could be sent to the majorpopulation centers of the East. Southern California’s economy rapidly diversified toinclude oil (see Figure 2.9E), entertainment

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