How can manager foster innovation?,”If an organization wants innovative products and work methods (outputs), it has to take inputs and transform them into outputs. Inputs include creative people and groups within the organization. The transformation process required having the right environment to turn those inputs into innovative products or work methods.Structural variables: organic structure, minimal time pressure, abundant resources, Human resource variables: high job security, creative people, high commitment to training and development Cultural variables: low external control, acceptance of ambiguity, tolerance of conflicts and risks, positive feedback

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How do structural variables affect innovation?,”- An organic-type structure positively influences innovation, because this stucture is low in formalization, centralization and work soecialization. It facilitated the flexibility and sharing of ideas that are critical to innovation- The availability of plentiful resources provides a key building block for innovation. With an abundance of resources, managers can afford to purchase innovations, can afford the cost of instituting innovations, and can absorb failures- Frequent communication between organizational units helps break barriers to innovation. – Extreme time pressures on creative activities are minimized despite the demand of white-water-rapids-type environments- When an organisation’s structure explicitly supports creativity

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Group development stages,”1. Forming stage: has two phases, first in which people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure and leadership2. Storming stage: second stage which is characterized by intragroup conflict3. Norming stage: characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness4. Performing stage: the group is fully functional and works on the group task.5. Adjourning stage: the final stage for temporary groups

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