Author: mfadmin

Clonal Expansion,”explains overwhelming majority of cancersinitial single event happens w/ initial mutation which allows one cell in all cohorts to have proliferative damagecould be loss of tumor suppressor (eliminate DNA damage checkpoints, other DNA mutations can occur)cell not going to proliferate all of its progenetersGoing to get a population of cells that expand and harbor the initial mutation (proliferating) and going through DNA replicationIf they acquire subsequent mutation, that can also be selectedA type of second mutation that you can select for here might be mutation that allows cancer cell to escape immune surveillance (cells now have selective advantage)out of initial population, now have cohort of cellsmall # of cells now requires 2nd mutation, now acquiring 3rd mutationdeprived of oxygen; altered metabolism (cells basically have Raf and Ras mutations have increased GLUT1 transporters, able to import glucose more readily)Looking at 100s of mutations, and comparing DNA sequence of normal cell, and all cells in intermediate states in progression

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Clonal Expansion,”explains overwhelming majority of[…]

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Proto-Oncogenes,”the cancer genesnormal genes that have normal proliferation but are going to go rogue and become oncogenespromote cell survival or proliferationex) HER2, Ras, Raf, Abl, Myceffect of mutation: gain-of-function mutations allow unregulated cell proliferation and survivalmutations genetically dominantarise by point mutation, chromosomal translocation

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Proto-Oncogenes,”the cancer genesnormal genes that[…]

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HW: How can normal HER2 promote cell proliferation even though it does not directly bind to any extracellular growth factors?,”Answer: None of the abovepromote tumor proliferation for 2 reasons: 1) Her2 can form heterodimers with any other Her family members (1, 3, 4). This is going to sensitize the cell to basically grow at very low extracellular concentrations of EGF that normally wouldn’t be enough to activate Her1 or Her4 homodimers. Her2 coming in and forming and activating a large number of other receptors that would normally be monomeric. The other thing that happens, new insight, when you overexpress Her2

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.HW: How can normal HER2[…]

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