Category: Biology

BIO205

Benzo(a)pyrene,”when you ingest it, will have a hard time excreting it b/c not water solubleepoxide intermediate reacts very strongly w/ Guanine (makes covalent bond w/ amino group)no enzyme to cleave bondModified Guanine has distorted structure in DNA double helix–if not removed before DNA replication takes place (p53’s job), it’s distortedDNA polymerase will not pair it with C-it will pair it with A (G-A mismatch)Cell keeps G and converts opposite T to C (which is good, but doesn’t always happen)Some cells throw out modified G and replace it with T. Original G on DNA sequence, converted to T(A-T basepair

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Benzo(a)pyrene,”when you ingest it, will[…]

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Clonal Expansion,”explains overwhelming majority of cancersinitial single event happens w/ initial mutation which allows one cell in all cohorts to have proliferative damagecould be loss of tumor suppressor (eliminate DNA damage checkpoints, other DNA mutations can occur)cell not going to proliferate all of its progenetersGoing to get a population of cells that expand and harbor the initial mutation (proliferating) and going through DNA replicationIf they acquire subsequent mutation, that can also be selectedA type of second mutation that you can select for here might be mutation that allows cancer cell to escape immune surveillance (cells now have selective advantage)out of initial population, now have cohort of cellsmall # of cells now requires 2nd mutation, now acquiring 3rd mutationdeprived of oxygen; altered metabolism (cells basically have Raf and Ras mutations have increased GLUT1 transporters, able to import glucose more readily)Looking at 100s of mutations, and comparing DNA sequence of normal cell, and all cells in intermediate states in progression

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.Clonal Expansion,”explains overwhelming majority of[…]

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“HW: Cetuximab binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR) and it’s initially effective in treating certain metastatic colon cancers when combined with radiation or other chemotherapies. However, over time, these tumor cells frequently become resistant to Cetuximab treatment. Which of the following mutational events is most frequently associated w/ the emergence of Cetuximab resistance?”,”Any one of G11

Biology

Average Rating 0 out of 5 stars. 0 votes.You must log in to submit a review.“HW: Cetuximab binds to the[…]

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